BT23

BT23 update for Med $70

Description: BT23 update using the 2025 baseline and starting results in 2024 for Med $70 with updated budgets. Cost updates include:
• Increased the nitrogen application for the following crops: willow, camelina, carinata, pennycress, and willow.
• Removed roundup during establishment for the following crops: camelina.
• Harvest costs were updated because the combine width was adjusted. This affected the following crops: barley, camelina, carinata, corn, oat, pennycress, rice, sorghum, soybean, and wheat.
• Harvest cost was updated with biomass sorghum because an additional tractor was added to pull the high dump forage wagon, and the wagon width was adjusted to not constrain the harvest operation with the combine.
• Added poplar in the ag budget database for regions 1 and 13.

Because of the file size limit, the datasets are separated by feedstock type. The corresponding feedstock for each file are listed below.
med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Grain sorghum, Hay
med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat
med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_en_crop.zip: Energy crops
med_crop_carb_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Grain sorghum, Hay
med_crop_carb_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat
med_crop_carb_070_20250914_en_crop.zip: Energy crops
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Grain sorghum, Hay, Oats
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_3.zip: Rice, Soybeans
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_4.zip: Wheat
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_herb_en_crop.zip: Herbaceous energy crops
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_woody_en_crop.zip: Woody energy crops
med_crop_prod_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Grain sorghum, Hay
med_crop_prod_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat
med_crop_prod_070_20250914_en_crop.zip: Energy crops
med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Grain sorghum, Hay
med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat
med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_en_crop.zip: Energy crops
med_resd_carb_070_20250914.zip: Agricultural residues
med_resd_econ_070_20250914.zip: Agricultural residues
med_resd_prod_070_20250914.zip: Agricultural residues

Keywords
BT23
agriculture
agricultural production
agricultural crop
crop
cropland
biomass
biomass feedstocks
feedstock production
County
Usage Policy
N/A
Publication Date
Project Title
Biomass Resource Supply Analysis
Organization
DOE
Metadata
The metadata for this dataset can be found in the attached file 'BT23_Updates_Med_70_metadata.xlsx'.
Lab
ORNL
Contact Email
langholtzmh@ornl.gov
Attachment
 med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip
 med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip
 med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_en_crop_0.zip
 med_crop_carb_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip
 med_crop_carb_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip
 med_crop_carb_070_20250914_en_crop_0.zip
 med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip
 med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip
 med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_3_0.zip
 med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_4_0.zip
 med_crop_econ_070_20250914_herb_en_crop_0.zip
 med_crop_econ_070_20250914_woody_en_crop_0.zip
 med_crop_prod_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip
 med_crop_prod_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip
 med_crop_prod_070_20250914_en_crop_0.zip
 med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip
 med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip
 med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_en_crop_0.zip
 med_resd_carb_070_20250914_0.zip
 med_resd_econ_070_20250914_0.zip
 med_resd_prod_070_20250914_0.zip
 BT23_Updates_Med_70_metadata_0.xlsx
DOI
10.23720/BT23/2998540
Data Source
POLYSYS
Contact Person
Matthew Langholtz
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Ryan Jacobson , Daniel delaTorre Ugarte , Matthew H. Langholtz , Robin Clark , Chad Hellwincke , Craig Brandt , Hope Cook , Maggie Davis , Jin Wook Ro
WBS Project Number
1.1.1.3
isPartOf parent DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316171
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BT23

Agricultural crop and residue production by county - mature-market medium scenario

This dataset contains data on agricultural crop and residue production by county from 2022 to 2041. The agricultural crop in this dataset includes barley, biomass sorghum, corn, cotton, energy cane, eucalyptus, grain sorghum, hay, miscanthus, oats, pine, poplar, rice, soybean, switchgrass, wheat, and willow, and the agricultural residue includes barley straw, corn stover, oats straw, sorghum stubble, and wheat straw. The dataset was obtained from the database of the BT23 (Davis et al., 2024) for the mature-market medium scenario with biomass market prices of up to $70 per dry ton.

For access to this dataset, please use the contact form and indicate the dataset by name.

Keywords
BT23
agriculture
agricultural production
Agricultural residues
crop
cropland
biomass
biomass feedstocks
feedstock production
County
Publication Date
Organization
DOE
Metadata
Agri_crop.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
siml: This indicates the name of the scenario.
year: This indicates the year.
fips: This is a geographically defined variable corresponding to counties provided as a 5-digit code.
resource: This indicates the type of agricultural crop.
prod: This indicates the total production of the agricultural crop in biomass dry ton.
plnt: This indicates the total planted area in acres.
harv: This indicates the total harvested area in acres.
Agri_resd.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
siml: This indicates the name of the scenario.
year: This indicates the year.
fips: This is a geographically defined variable corresponding to counties provided as a 5-digit code.
resource: This indicates the type of agricultural residue.
total_resd: This indicates the in-field production of residue excluding grain in biomass dry ton.
prod: This indicates the total production of harvested residue in the scenario in biomass dry ton.
harv: This indicates the total harvested area in acres.
Lab
ORNL
Data Source
2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of U.S. Renewable Carbon Resources
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Jin Wook Ro , Maggie R. Davis , Chad Hellwinckel
isPartOf parent DOI
https://doi.org/10.23720/BT2023/2282885
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BT23

Agricultural crop and residue production by county - near-term scenario

This dataset contains data on agricultural crop and residue production by county in 2041. The agricultural crops in this dataset include barley, corn, cotton, grain sorghum, hay, oats, rice, soybeans, and wheat. The agricultural residues include barley straw, corn stover, oats straw, sorghum stubble, and wheat straw. The dataset was obtained from the database of the BT23 (Davis et al.,2024) for the near-term scenario with biomass market prices of up to $70 per dry ton.

For access to this dataset, please use the contact form and indicate this dataset by name.

Keywords
BT23
agriculture
agricultural production
agricultural crop
crop
cropland
biomass
biomass feedstocks
feedstock production
County
Publication Date
Organization
DOE
Metadata
Agcrop.csv is a file that holds the following variables:
fips: This indicates the geographically defined variable corresponding to counties in the form of a 5-digit code.
state: This indicates the abbreviation for the state name.
county: This indicates the county name.
state_name: This indicates the part of the fips which represents the state.
sqmi: This indicates the total area of the county in square miles including water.
usdaregion: This indicates the US Department of Agriculture defined region.
geog_src_name: This indicates the name of the source of the feedstock.
model_name: This indicates the model name which describes the acronym of the tool or dataset used to simulate feedstock supply.
class_name: This indicates the feedstock class name to denote land source or analysis source corresponding to the 2023 Billion-Ton report.
subclass_name: This indicates the feedstock subclass name.
resource_name: This indicates the feedstock resource name.
scenario_name: This indicates the scenario name as defined in the 2023 Billion-Ton report or other customized scenarios.
prc_ofr: This indicates the price offered.
harv: This indicates the harvested area.
prod: This indicates the amount of resource modeled as produced under the scenario simulation.
produnit: This indicates the unit of production specified.
price: This indicates the price per unit of production.
landsrce: This indicates the land source.

Agresid.csv is a file that holds the following variables:
fips: This indicates the geographically defined variable corresponding to counties in the form of a 5-digit code.
state: This indicates the abbreviation for the state name.
county: This indicates the county name.
state_name: This indicates the part of the fips which represents the state.
sqmi: This indicates the total area of the county in square miles including water.
usdaregion: This indicates the US Department of Agriculture defined region.
geog_src_name: This indicates the name of the source of the feedstock.
model_name: This indicates the model name which describes the acronym of the tool or dataset used to simulate feedstock supply.
class_name: This indicates the feedstock class name to denote land source or analysis source corresponding to the 2023 Billion-Ton report.
subclass_name: This indicates the feedstock subclass name.
resource_name: This indicates the feedstock resource name.
scenario_name: This indicates the scenario name as defined in the 2023 Billion-Ton report or other customized scenarios.
prc_ofr: This indicates the price offered.
harv: This indicates the harvested area.
prod_totl: This indicates the total amount of resource modeled as produced under the scenario simulation.
prod: This indicates the amount of resource modeled as produced under the scenario simulation.
produnit: This indicates the unit of production specified.
price: This indicates the price per unit of production.
Landsrce: This indicates the land source.
Lab
ORNL
Data Source
2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of the U.S. Renewable Carbon Sources
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Jin Wook Ro , Maggie R. Davis , Chad Hellwinckel
isPartOf parent DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316171
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BT23

Conventional forest product data

This dataset contains data on forest production. The forestry products in this dataset includes hardwood, softwood, and mixed, and the dataset was obtained from the database of the 2023 Billion-Ton Report (Davis et al., 2024). The intended use is for the Feedstock Production Emissions to Air Model (FPEAM).

If you would also like access to this dataset, please use the "contact" button for a request to our research staff.

Keywords
BT23
Publication Date
Organization
DOE
Metadata
material_class: This indicates the label to denote land source or analysis source corresponding to the forest land chapter of the 2023 Billion-Ton Report.
subclass: This indicates the class of biomass.
resource_name: This indicates the type of resource.
diacls: This indicates the class of tree diameter. Class 1 has a diameter at breast height (DBH) that is greater than 11-inch, Class 2 has a DBH that is between 5- and 11-inch, and Class 3 has a DBH that is less than 5-inch.
owner: This indicates the owner such as public, private, and null or unknown.
fips: This is a geographically defined variable corresponding to counties provided as a 5-digit code.
county: This indicates the name of the county.
state: This indicates the name of the state.
County square Miles: This indicates the total area of the county in square miles including water.
scenario_name: This indicates the name of the scenario defined in the 2023 Billion-Ton Report. “mm” indicates mature market scenario, and it also contains “low”, “high”, and “emerging” scenarios.
scenario_price_offered: This indicates a price offered for a ton of biomass.
production: This indicates the total production of the forestry biomass in dry ton.
production_unit: This indicates the unit of production.
production_energy_content: This indicates the total energy contents in BTU which is production tons multiplied by BTU/ton.
energy_content_unit: This indicates the unit of energy content.
production_density_dtpersqmi: This indicates a production divided by the total area of the county.
harvest_costs: This indicates the cost of harvesting.
harvest_area: This indicates the total harvested area in acres.
harv_area_unit: This indicates the unit of harvested area.
lipid_based: This indicates either the biomass is based on lipid or not.
ash_percentage: This indicates the content of ash in percentage.
Lab
ORNL
Data Source
2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of U.S. Renewable Carbon Resources
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Supporting Data
Author(s)
Jin Wook Ro , Maggie Davis , Hope Cook
isPartOf parent DOI
https://doi.org/10.23720/BT2023/2281324
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BT23

2021 Forestland Biomass Production Costs for the 2024 Billion Ton Analysis

This dataset contains harvesting, chipping, and production cost data for forestland production by region and forest harvest system. The dataset supports Biomass from the forested land base analysis in the BT23 (Davis et al., 2024) and subsequent modeling using the Forest Sustainable and Economic Analysis Model (ForSEAM). The cost data was updated by Burton English and is in 2014 dollars and 2021 dollars. Data sources can be found in the accompanying PDF, ‘2021 Biomass Production Costs for the 2024 Billion Ton Analysis’, and the details can be found in the accompanying Microsoft Word file.

Associated Content in the KDF
A-customized-dataset-for-national-timberland-resources-modeled-with-ForSEAM
Keywords
feedstock production
costs
forestland
BT23
forestry
small-diameter trees
logging residues
forest harvest system
harvesting cost
chipping cost
forest production cost
Publication Date
Metadata
Cost_by_FHS_and_Region.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables: Forest_Harvest_Systems: This is for different forest silvicultural and harvest methods.
Region: This is for different production cost zones of the CONUS as defined by ForSEAM.
Slope_over_40%: This is a binary variable to indicate if the slope exceeds 40%.
CutToLength: This is a binary variable to indicate if the cut-to-length method is used.
Cut: This indicates the forest management practice of either thinning or clearcutting.
Type: This indicates the type of forest.
Harverst_Production_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The harvest costs of production per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Chipping_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The costs of production to chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Total_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The costs of production to harvest and chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Harverst_Production_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The harvest costs of production per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Chipping_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The costs of production to chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Total_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The costs of production to harvest and chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Total_Forest_Production_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The total production costs of forestland biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Timber_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for timber per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Chipper_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for chipper per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Total_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for timber and chipper per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Cost_by_Region.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
Region: This is for different production cost zones of the CONUS as defined by ForSEAM.
Slope_over_40%: This is a binary variable to indicate if the slope exceeds 40%.
CutToLength: This is a binary variable to indicate if the cut-to-length method is used.
Type: This indicates the type of forest.
Cut: This indicates the forest management practice of either thinning or clearcutting.
Forest_Production_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The total production costs of forestland biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Timber_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for timber per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Chipper_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for chipper per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Total_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for timber and chipper per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Cost_by_FHS.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
Forest_Harvest_Systems: This is for different forest silvicultural and harvest methods.
Cut: This indicates the forest management practice of either thinning or clearcutting.
Harverst_Production_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The harvest costs of production per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Chipping_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The costs of production to chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Total_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The costs of production to harvest and chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Harverst_Production_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The harvest costs of production per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Chipping_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The costs of production to chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Total_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The costs of production to harvest and chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Lab
ORNL
Attachment
 Forest Costs of production_vJuly2024_FromEnglish2023_0.pdf
 vJuly22_2024_0.zip
Data Source
2021 Biomass Production Costs for the 2024 Billion Ton Analysis
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Burton English , Jin Wook Ro , Lixia Lambert , Maggie Davis , Matthew H Langholtz
isPartOf parent DOI
https://doi.org/10.23720/BT2023/2281324
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BT23

Appendix C. Appendix to Chapter 5: Biomass from Agriculture

Hellwinckel, C., D. de la Torre Ugarte, J. L. Field, and M. Langholtz. 2024. “Appendix C. Appendix to Chapter 5: Biomass from Agriculture.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316182.

Keywords
BT23
Publication Date
Project Title
BT23
Organization
DOE
Lab
ORNL
DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316182
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Chad Hellwinckel , Daniel DeLaTorre Ugarte , John L Field , Matthew H Langholtz
OSTI ID DOI
2316182
isPartOf parent DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316171
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Appendix B. Appendix to Chapter 4: Biomass from the Forested Land Base

Davis, M., L. Lambert, R. Jacobson, D. Rossi, C. Brandeis, J. Fried, B. English, et al. 2024. “Appendix B. Appendix to Chapter 4: Biomass from the Forested Land Base.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316181.

Keywords
BT23
Publication Date
Project Title
BT23
Organization
DOE
Lab
ORNL
DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316181
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Maggie Davis , Lixia Lambert , Ryan Jacobson , David Rossi , Consuelo Brandeis , Burton English , Jeremy Fried
OSTI ID DOI
2316181
isPartOf parent DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316170
10.23720/BT2023/2316165
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BT23

Appendix A. Appendix to Chapter 2: Biomass Currently Used for Energy and Coproducts

Jacobson, R., and S. Curran. 2024. “Appendix A. Appendix to Chapter 2: Biomass Currently Used for Energy and Coproducts.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316180.

Keywords
BT23
Publication Date
Project Title
BT23
Organization
DOE
Lab
ORNL
DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316180
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Ryan Jacobson , Scott Curran
OSTI ID DOI
2316180
isPartOf parent DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316167
10.23720/BT2023/2316165
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Chapter 8: Looking Forward and Next Steps

U.S. Department of Energy. 2024. “Chapter 8: Looking Forward and Next Steps.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316179.

Keywords
BT23
Publication Date
Project Title
BT23
Organization
DOE
Lab
ORNL
DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316179
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Matthew H Langholtz
OSTI ID DOI
2316179
isPartOf parent DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316165
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BT23

Chapter 7.2: Macroalgae

Chapter 7.2 — Coleman, A., K. Davis, J. DeAngelo, T. Saltiel, B. Saenz, L. Miller, K. Champion, E. Harrison, and A. Otwell. 2024. “Chapter 7.2: Macroalgae.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316176.

Keywords
BT23
Publication Date
Project Title
BT23
Organization
DOE
Lab
PNNL
DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316176
Bioenergy Category
Feedstock Production
Author(s)
Andre Coleman , Kristen Davis , Julianne DeAngelo , Troy Saltiel , Benjamin Saenz , Lee Miller , Kathleen Champion , Eliza Harrison , Anne Otwell
OSTI ID DOI
2316176
isPartOf parent DOI
10.23720/BT2023/2316174
10.23720/BT2023/2316165
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