BT23

Agricultural residues

Publication Date

2026

Organization

Metadata

Agri_resd.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
siml: This indicates the name of the scenario.
year: This indicates the year.
fips: This is a geographically defined variable corresponding to counties provided as a 5-digit code.
resource: This indicates the type of agricultural residue.
total_resd: This indicates the in-field production of residue excluding grain in biomass dry ton.
prod: This indicates the total production of harvested residue in the scenario in biomass dry ton.
harv: This indicates the total harvested area in acres.

Lab

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT23/3017205

Data Source

2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of U.S. Renewable Carbon Resources

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Jin Wook Ro , Maggie R. Davis

isPartOf parent DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT2023/2282885

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Agricultural crop production by county - mature-market medium scenario at various price

Read more about Agricultural crop production by county - mature-market medium scenario at various price

This dataset contains data on agricultural crop production by county from 2022 to 2041. The agricultural crop in this dataset includes barley, biomass sorghum, corn, cotton, energy cane, eucalyptus, grain sorghum, hay, miscanthus, oats, pine, poplar, rice, soybean, switchgrass, wheat, and willow. The dataset was obtained from the database of the BT23 (Davis et al., 2024) for the mature-market medium scenario with biomass market prices from $30 to $130 per dry ton.

For access to this dataset, please use the contact form and indicate the dataset by name.

Keywords

herbaceous energy crops

woody energy crops

Publication Date

2026

Organization

Metadata

Lab

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT23/3017202

Data Source

2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of U.S. Renewable Carbon Resources

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Jin Wook Ro , Maggie R. Davis

isPartOf parent DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT2023/2282885

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BT23 update for Med $70

Read more about BT23 update for Med $70

Description: BT23 update using the 2025 baseline and starting results in 2024 for Med $70 with updated budgets. Cost updates include:
• Increased the nitrogen application for the following crops: willow, camelina, carinata, pennycress, and willow.
• Removed roundup during establishment for the following crops: camelina.
• Harvest costs were updated because the combine width was adjusted. This affected the following crops: barley, camelina, carinata, corn, oat, pennycress, rice, sorghum, soybean, and wheat.
• Harvest cost was updated with biomass sorghum because an additional tractor was added to pull the high dump forage wagon, and the wagon width was adjusted to not constrain the harvest operation with the combine.
• Added poplar in the ag budget database for regions 1 and 13.

Because of the file size limit, the datasets are separated by feedstock type. The corresponding feedstock for each file are listed below.
med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Grain sorghum, Hay
med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat
med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_en_crop.zip: Energy crops
med_crop_carb_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Grain sorghum, Hay
med_crop_carb_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat
med_crop_carb_070_20250914_en_crop.zip: Energy crops
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Grain sorghum, Hay, Oats
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_3.zip: Rice, Soybeans
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_4.zip: Wheat
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_herb_en_crop.zip: Herbaceous energy crops
med_crop_econ_070_20250914_woody_en_crop.zip: Woody energy crops
med_crop_prod_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Grain sorghum, Hay
med_crop_prod_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat
med_crop_prod_070_20250914_en_crop.zip: Energy crops
med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_com_crop_1.zip: Barley, Corn, Cotton, Grain sorghum, Hay
med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_com_crop_2.zip: Oats, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat
med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_en_crop.zip: Energy crops
med_resd_carb_070_20250914.zip: Agricultural residues
med_resd_econ_070_20250914.zip: Agricultural residues
med_resd_prod_070_20250914.zip: Agricultural residues

Keywords

Usage Policy

N/A

Publication Date

2025

Project Title

Biomass Resource Supply Analysis

Organization

Metadata

The metadata for this dataset can be found in the attached file 'BT23_Updates_Med_70_metadata.xlsx'.

Lab

med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip

Contact Email

langholtzmh@ornl.gov

Attachment

med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip

med_crop_bdgt_conv_engy_070_20250914_en_crop_0.zip

med_crop_carb_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip

med_crop_carb_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip

med_crop_carb_070_20250914_en_crop_0.zip

med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip

med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip

med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_3_0.zip

med_crop_econ_070_20250914_com_crop_4_0.zip

med_crop_econ_070_20250914_herb_en_crop_0.zip

med_crop_econ_070_20250914_woody_en_crop_0.zip

med_crop_prod_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip

med_crop_prod_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip

med_crop_prod_070_20250914_en_crop_0.zip

med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_com_crop_1_0.zip

med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_com_crop_2_0.zip

med_crop_qnty_070_20250914_en_crop_0.zip

med_resd_carb_070_20250914_0.zip

med_resd_econ_070_20250914_0.zip

med_resd_prod_070_20250914_0.zip

BT23_Updates_Med_70_metadata_0.xlsx

DOI

10.23720/BT23/2998540

Data Source

POLYSYS

Contact Person

Matthew Langholtz

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Ryan Jacobson , Daniel delaTorre Ugarte , Matthew H. Langholtz , Robin Clark , Chad Hellwincke , Craig Brandt , Hope Cook , Maggie Davis , Jin Wook Ro

WBS Project Number

1.1.1.3

isPartOf parent DOI

10.23720/BT2023/2316171

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Agricultural crop and residue production by county - mature-market medium scenario at $70

Read more about Agricultural crop and residue production by county - mature-market medium scenario at $70

This dataset contains data on agricultural crop and residue production by county from 2022 to 2041. The agricultural crop in this dataset includes barley, biomass sorghum, corn, cotton, energy cane, eucalyptus, grain sorghum, hay, miscanthus, oats, pine, poplar, rice, soybean, switchgrass, wheat, and willow, and the agricultural residue includes barley straw, corn stover, oats straw, sorghum stubble, and wheat straw. The dataset was obtained from the database of the BT23 (Davis et al., 2024) for the mature-market medium scenario with biomass market prices of up to $70 per dry ton.

For access to this dataset, please use the contact form and indicate the dataset by name.

Keywords

Agricultural residues

Publication Date

2024

Organization

Metadata

Agri_crop.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
siml: This indicates the name of the scenario.
year: This indicates the year.
fips: This is a geographically defined variable corresponding to counties provided as a 5-digit code.
resource: This indicates the type of agricultural crop.
prod: This indicates the total production of the agricultural crop in biomass dry ton.
plnt: This indicates the total planted area in acres.
harv: This indicates the total harvested area in acres.
Agri_resd.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
siml: This indicates the name of the scenario.
year: This indicates the year.
fips: This is a geographically defined variable corresponding to counties provided as a 5-digit code.
resource: This indicates the type of agricultural residue.
total_resd: This indicates the in-field production of residue excluding grain in biomass dry ton.
prod: This indicates the total production of harvested residue in the scenario in biomass dry ton.
harv: This indicates the total harvested area in acres.

Lab

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT23/3018262

Data Source

2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of U.S. Renewable Carbon Resources

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Jin Wook Ro , Maggie R. Davis , Chad Hellwinckel

isPartOf parent DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT2023/2282885

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Agricultural crop and residue production by county - near-term scenario

Read more about Agricultural crop and residue production by county - near-term scenario

This dataset contains data on agricultural crop and residue production by county in 2030. The agricultural crops in this dataset include barley, corn, cotton, grain sorghum, hay, oats, rice, soybeans, and wheat. The agricultural residues include barley straw, corn stover, oats straw, sorghum stubble, and wheat straw. The dataset was obtained from the database of the BT23 (Davis et al.,2024) for the near-term scenario with biomass market prices of up to $70 per dry ton.

For access to this dataset, please use the contact form and indicate this dataset by name.

Keywords

Publication Date

2025

Organization

Metadata

Agcrop.csv is a file that holds the following variables:
fips: This indicates the geographically defined variable corresponding to counties in the form of a 5-digit code.
state: This indicates the abbreviation for the state name.
county: This indicates the county name.
state_name: This indicates the part of the fips which represents the state.
sqmi: This indicates the total area of the county in square miles including water.
usdaregion: This indicates the US Department of Agriculture defined region.
geog_src_name: This indicates the name of the source of the feedstock.
model_name: This indicates the model name which describes the acronym of the tool or dataset used to simulate feedstock supply.
class_name: This indicates the feedstock class name to denote land source or analysis source corresponding to the 2023 Billion-Ton report.
subclass_name: This indicates the feedstock subclass name.
resource_name: This indicates the feedstock resource name.
scenario_name: This indicates the scenario name as defined in the 2023 Billion-Ton report or other customized scenarios.
prc_ofr: This indicates the price offered.
harv: This indicates the harvested area.
prod: This indicates the amount of resource modeled as produced under the scenario simulation.
produnit: This indicates the unit of production specified.
price: This indicates the price per unit of production.
landsrce: This indicates the land source.

Agresid.csv is a file that holds the following variables:
fips: This indicates the geographically defined variable corresponding to counties in the form of a 5-digit code.
state: This indicates the abbreviation for the state name.
county: This indicates the county name.
state_name: This indicates the part of the fips which represents the state.
sqmi: This indicates the total area of the county in square miles including water.
usdaregion: This indicates the US Department of Agriculture defined region.
geog_src_name: This indicates the name of the source of the feedstock.
model_name: This indicates the model name which describes the acronym of the tool or dataset used to simulate feedstock supply.
class_name: This indicates the feedstock class name to denote land source or analysis source corresponding to the 2023 Billion-Ton report.
subclass_name: This indicates the feedstock subclass name.
resource_name: This indicates the feedstock resource name.
scenario_name: This indicates the scenario name as defined in the 2023 Billion-Ton report or other customized scenarios.
prc_ofr: This indicates the price offered.
harv: This indicates the harvested area.
prod_totl: This indicates the total amount of resource modeled as produced under the scenario simulation.
prod: This indicates the amount of resource modeled as produced under the scenario simulation.
produnit: This indicates the unit of production specified.
price: This indicates the price per unit of production.
Landsrce: This indicates the land source.

Lab

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT23/3018263

Data Source

2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of the U.S. Renewable Carbon Sources

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Jin Wook Ro , Maggie R. Davis , Chad Hellwinckel

isPartOf parent DOI

10.23720/BT2023/2316171

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Conventional forest product data

Read more about Conventional forest product data

This dataset contains data on forest production. The forestry products in this dataset includes hardwood, softwood, and mixed, and the dataset was obtained from the database of the 2023 Billion-Ton Report (Davis et al., 2024). The intended use is for the Feedstock Production Emissions to Air Model (FPEAM).

If you would also like access to this dataset, please use the "contact" button for a request to our research staff.

Keywords

Publication Date

2024

Organization

Metadata

material_class: This indicates the label to denote land source or analysis source corresponding to the forest land chapter of the 2023 Billion-Ton Report.
subclass: This indicates the class of biomass.
resource_name: This indicates the type of resource.
diacls: This indicates the class of tree diameter. Class 1 has a diameter at breast height (DBH) that is greater than 11-inch, Class 2 has a DBH that is between 5- and 11-inch, and Class 3 has a DBH that is less than 5-inch.
owner: This indicates the owner such as public, private, and null or unknown.
fips: This is a geographically defined variable corresponding to counties provided as a 5-digit code.
county: This indicates the name of the county.
state: This indicates the name of the state.
County square Miles: This indicates the total area of the county in square miles including water.
scenario_name: This indicates the name of the scenario defined in the 2023 Billion-Ton Report. “mm” indicates mature market scenario, and it also contains “low”, “high”, and “emerging” scenarios.
scenario_price_offered: This indicates a price offered for a ton of biomass.
production: This indicates the total production of the forestry biomass in dry ton.
production_unit: This indicates the unit of production.
production_energy_content: This indicates the total energy contents in BTU which is production tons multiplied by BTU/ton.
energy_content_unit: This indicates the unit of energy content.
production_density_dtpersqmi: This indicates a production divided by the total area of the county.
harvest_costs: This indicates the cost of harvesting.
harvest_area: This indicates the total harvested area in acres.
harv_area_unit: This indicates the unit of harvested area.
lipid_based: This indicates either the biomass is based on lipid or not.
ash_percentage: This indicates the content of ash in percentage.

Lab

Data Source

2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of U.S. Renewable Carbon Resources

Bioenergy Category

Supporting Data

Author(s)

Jin Wook Ro , Maggie Davis , Hope Cook

isPartOf parent DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT2023/2281324

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A-customized-dataset-for-national-timberland-resources-modeled-with-ForSEAM

2021 Forestland Biomass Production Costs for the 2024 Billion Ton Analysis

Read more about 2021 Forestland Biomass Production Costs for the 2024 Billion Ton Analysis

This dataset contains harvesting, chipping, and production cost data for forestland production by region and forest harvest system. The dataset supports Biomass from the forested land base analysis in the BT23 (Davis et al., 2024) and subsequent modeling using the Forest Sustainable and Economic Analysis Model (ForSEAM). The cost data was updated by Burton English and is in 2014 dollars and 2021 dollars. Data sources can be found in the accompanying PDF, ‘2021 Biomass Production Costs for the 2024 Billion Ton Analysis’, and the details can be found in the accompanying Microsoft Word file.

Associated Content in the KDF

Keywords

forest harvest system

harvesting cost

chipping cost

forest production cost

Publication Date

2024

Metadata

Cost_by_FHS_and_Region.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables: Forest_Harvest_Systems: This is for different forest silvicultural and harvest methods.
Region: This is for different production cost zones of the CONUS as defined by ForSEAM.
Slope_over_40%: This is a binary variable to indicate if the slope exceeds 40%.
CutToLength: This is a binary variable to indicate if the cut-to-length method is used.
Cut: This indicates the forest management practice of either thinning or clearcutting.
Type: This indicates the type of forest.
Harverst_Production_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The harvest costs of production per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Chipping_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The costs of production to chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Total_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The costs of production to harvest and chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Harverst_Production_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The harvest costs of production per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Chipping_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The costs of production to chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Total_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The costs of production to harvest and chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Total_Forest_Production_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The total production costs of forestland biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Timber_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for timber per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Chipper_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for chipper per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Total_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for timber and chipper per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Cost_by_Region.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
Region: This is for different production cost zones of the CONUS as defined by ForSEAM.
Slope_over_40%: This is a binary variable to indicate if the slope exceeds 40%.
CutToLength: This is a binary variable to indicate if the cut-to-length method is used.
Type: This indicates the type of forest.
Cut: This indicates the forest management practice of either thinning or clearcutting.
Forest_Production_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The total production costs of forestland biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Timber_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for timber per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Chipper_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for chipper per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Total_Costs_2014$_per_dry_ton: The costs for timber and chipper per dry ton biomass in 2014 dollars.
Cost_by_FHS.csv is a comma-separated file that holds the following variables:
Forest_Harvest_Systems: This is for different forest silvicultural and harvest methods.
Cut: This indicates the forest management practice of either thinning or clearcutting.
Harverst_Production_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The harvest costs of production per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Chipping_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The costs of production to chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Total_Costs_2021$_per_bdt: The costs of production to harvest and chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2021 dollars.
Harverst_Production_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The harvest costs of production per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Chipping_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The costs of production to chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.
Total_Costs_2014$_per_bdt: The costs of production to harvest and chip the biomass per bone dry ton (bdt) in 2014 dollars.

Lab

Forest Costs of production_vJuly2024_FromEnglish2023_0.pdf

Attachment

vJuly22_2024_0.zip

Data Source

2021 Biomass Production Costs for the 2024 Billion Ton Analysis

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Burton English , Jin Wook Ro , Lixia Lambert , Maggie Davis , Matthew H Langholtz

isPartOf parent DOI

https://doi.org/10.23720/BT2023/2281324

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Appendix C. Appendix to Chapter 5: Biomass from Agriculture

Read more about Appendix C. Appendix to Chapter 5: Biomass from Agriculture

Hellwinckel, C., D. de la Torre Ugarte, J. L. Field, and M. Langholtz. 2024. “Appendix C. Appendix to Chapter 5: Biomass from Agriculture.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316182.

Keywords

Publication Date

2024

Project Title

BT23

Organization

Lab

DOI

10.23720/BT2023/2316182

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Chad Hellwinckel , Daniel DeLaTorre Ugarte , John L Field , Matthew H Langholtz

OSTI ID DOI

2316182

isPartOf parent DOI

10.23720/BT2023/2316171

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Appendix B. Appendix to Chapter 4: Biomass from the Forested Land Base

Read more about Appendix B. Appendix to Chapter 4: Biomass from the Forested Land Base

Davis, M., L. Lambert, R. Jacobson, D. Rossi, C. Brandeis, J. Fried, B. English, et al. 2024. “Appendix B. Appendix to Chapter 4: Biomass from the Forested Land Base.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316181.

Keywords

Publication Date

2024

Project Title

BT23

Organization

Lab

DOI

10.23720/BT2023/2316181

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Maggie Davis , Lixia Lambert , Ryan Jacobson , David Rossi , Consuelo Brandeis , Burton English , Jeremy Fried

OSTI ID DOI

2316181

isPartOf parent DOI

10.23720/BT2023/2316170

10.23720/BT2023/2316165

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Appendix A. Appendix to Chapter 2: Biomass Currently Used for Energy and Coproducts

Read more about Appendix A. Appendix to Chapter 2: Biomass Currently Used for Energy and Coproducts

Jacobson, R., and S. Curran. 2024. “Appendix A. Appendix to Chapter 2: Biomass Currently Used for Energy and Coproducts.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316180.

Keywords

Publication Date

2024

Project Title

BT23

Organization

Lab

DOI

10.23720/BT2023/2316180

Bioenergy Category

Author(s)

Ryan Jacobson , Scott Curran

OSTI ID DOI

2316180

isPartOf parent DOI

10.23720/BT2023/2316167

10.23720/BT2023/2316165

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